>Jørgensen et al. (2012), examined (n=272) female participants in a seperate Danish longitudinal dietary study for evidence of male microchimerism. They commented: "We assumed male microchimerism to originate from pregnancies with a male fetus. Contrary to what we expected, we found no obvious association between the number of live-born boys and detection of male microchimerism." [6] They stated that: "Also, a prior study of male microchimerism and breast cancer by Gadi et al. reported 33% of healthy control women without sons to test positive." They left the question open regarding the potential sources of this male chimerism in their female subjects, writing: "Although not yet studied, sexual intercourse without pregnancy has also been hypothesized as a source of male microchimerism. Information on sexual habits was not collected in this study, which is why we could not pursue the possibility that either current or past sexual activity could predict male microchimerism positivity."

>Müller et al. (2015) examined a cohort of young nulliparous (not having borne children) Danish girls aged 10-15 (n=154) and discovered evidence of male microchimerism in 13.6% of the sample. [8] They found a higher likelihood of male chimerism in females whose mothers had received blood transfusions or had previously given birth to male offspring, but stated that only half of the male chimerism found could be attributed to these factors. They concluded: "We speculate that sexual intercourse may be important but other sources of male cells likely exist in young girls."

>Zagoskin MV, Davis RE, & Mukha DV (2017) studied the semen samples of 'three 30 year old men' and found: "We have shown that human seminal plasma contains a repertoire of cell-free dsRNA. We do realize that the identity, source, and functioning of these dsRNA are yet undetermined. We hypothesize that these dsRNAs could influence the implementation of genetic information or gene regulation in offspring." [9] They also speculated, based on the previous research by Crean et al. (in fruit flies), that nucleic acids found in human semen, may possible penetrate in the immature oocytes (egg cells) found in the women's ovary, and therefore potentially allow the women's subsequent offspring to inherit characteristics of her prior male sex partners, writing "We suggest that one of the possible functions of dsRNA in human seminal plasma may be to influence human oocytes and therefore, influence the offspring. They called for more research to be performed on the subject of telegony, (e.g. in other mammalian species such as dogs).